Carbureter.



' WITNESSES 'L. M. DULL.

OABBUP-ETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21. 1913.

. 1,122,703. Patented Dec. 29, 1914b 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I j 0 I ATTORNEY L. M. DULL.

CARBUBETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21. 1913.

Patented D66; 29, 1914.

2 BKEETSSHEET 2.

L66 ZCIMDLLMHWENTOR, WITNESSES ATTORNEY LESTEBM. DULL, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

CABBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 29. 1914.

' Application filed July 21, 1913. Serial No. 780,269.

fbqllwhom itmag concern." I Be it-known that I, DULL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Carbureter, of'which the following is a specification.-

This invention has'reference to improvements in carbureters, and its object is to provide a carbureter' in which there is produced a particularly intimate mixture of'fueland air, and in which such heavy fuels as kerosene may be'employed without the necessity of usinga heater. 4

In accordance with the present invention the fuel, which may be gasolene or kerosene or distillate, or any suitable type of fuel, reaches a carbureting chamber through a nozzle controlled by a needle valve as is customary, and the structure is such that air entering another chamber surrounding the carbureting chamber is directed thereinto in surrounding relation to the fuel nozzle through a Venturi tube. From the carbureting chamber the rich mixture finds escape through a plurality of flaring passages each controlled y a relatively fixed member so arranged that the mixture enters each flat ing passage atthe smaller end through a constricted path in a manner to cause the mixture to rapidly spread in its travel through the flaring passage and after it leaves the latter. Air entering the chamber surgounding the carbureting chamber is also directed around each of the controlling members for the fiarin passages in a manner to be directed against the walls ofthe smaller end of the flaring passages as against a knife edge, thus causing a particularly intimate mixture of additional air with the enriched air as they travel together through the flaring passages, wherefore any globules of liquid fuel reaching the flaring passages are broken up into extremely minute particles and thereb present such relatively large surfaces to t e air as to become readily absorbed thereby.

It is customary to preheat the air entering the air. chamber surronndin the carbureting chamber and feeding air t ereto by taking such air from a point adjacent to the exhaust -:uct of the engine, but while this is advisable, it is not necessary in the carbureter of the present invention.

Since under certain circumstances a further dilution of the rich mixture on its way still anotherair chamber having a passageway in surrounding relation to the first air chamber to direct air into what may be termed the mixing chamber into which the rich mixture is discharged through the flarmg passages in surrounding relation to the -to the engine is advisable, there is provided series of flaring passages, so that the additional air streams entering the'mixin chamher in the general line of flow-of t e rich mixture toward the engine 'are to a greater or less extent traversed by the rich mixture, and the intimacy, of association of the additional air therewith is largely improved.

The mixing chamber is connected to the ene manifold through a contracted opening m which may be located a controlling valve controllable in any suitable, manner, as by the operator of the engine.

The auxiliary supply of air which in the installed carbureter is taken into a chamber underlying the first-named air chamber, is

under the control of a valve in turn controlled by the subatmospheric pressure, established by the suction of the engine in the mixing chamber and the action of the subatmospheric. pressure upon the last-named may be set at any time by the operator. By the structure. last described surging of the auxiliary air valve is effectively obviated.

Moreover, the present invention contemplates the employment of a preheater within the carbureter but designed solely for starting purposes. a

The invention will be I best understood from a consideration sf-the following detailed. description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming apart of this 'pecification, with the further understandiw; that While the drawings show a practieii form of the invention, the latter is not confined to any strict-conformity with valve is readily controllable by means which the showing of the di'awings,-.but may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modifications mark no material departure from the salient features of the.

invention.

In the drawings:-Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a carburetor embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 on the line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sec tic-n on the line al-l of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings there is shown a casing or shell 1, which is usually in an is a section V upright position when the 'cai'bureteris insta lied, wherefore terms .QXPisfyTfifim: sition will be iis'ed with respect tothe fior 1 mal operative position of the strugt ure ii t the upper end the shell 1 has acontracted portion 2 termina ti ng.in a eentra l'l'nec'k"3 provided aV-th'' ii'pper end "withf'faii 6&5 standing flange 4 adapted-boa likeflangefi any suitable way. Within the casing lat a point between the top or'crown portion 2 and the bottom 7 is another casing 8 in spaced relation to the casing 1 and substantially concentric therewith," being. held to the casing 1 by spacing lugs9, or in anyother appropriate manner, so that'there' is formed an annular passage 10 between the space or chamber 11 below the bottom of the subcasing 8 and, the bottom, f the casing 1, and another space or chamber 12' between the top portion of the casing 8 and the neck 3.

The sub-casing 8 is formed with a bot-- tom portion 13 which may ,be integral therewith or otherwise constructed, and at' 1 the center'portion of the bottom 13 is a.-

nozzle 14 uprising from the bottom 13 and provided with a downward continuation 15 extending through the bottom 7'and outside of the casing 1 recei a packing gland 16 through which exten a threaded stem 17 terminating in a needle point 18entering the tip end of the nozzle 14, while a manip ulating button orwheel 19 provides a convenient meansvfor turning .thestem 17 to open or close the valve 18. Connected to one side of the continuation 15 is a pipe or duct 20 leading to the exterior of the casing 1- where it communicates with the interior of a lloat chamber 21 containing a float 22 in tum controlling ar'val've 23 for closing and opening communication .between a feed pipe 24 and the float'chamber 21, all in the manner customary in carbureters, and hence needing no particular description herein.

Secured to the upper end of the sub-casing 8 is atop member 25 which may be in the form ot'a tin or annulus, and this ring carries another ring 26 adapted to extend a short distance into the upper end of the casing 8 and depending from the ring 26 is still another casing 27 having a bottom head 28 terminating in a central boss 29 through which is formed a passage 30 constituting a Venturi tube, and into which the upper extremity of the nozzle 14 extends.

The ring 25 is formed with a circular ee- "'shallow annular space 3& between those portions ot the two rings 25 and 26 having ri'es of upwardlyfiaring passages 31, and the ring 26 is formed with a like series of upwardly contracting passages 32 matching the passages 31, but the ring 26 has a marginal upstanding flange 33 spacing the two rings one from the other to provide a the matching passages 31 and 32. The inclination of the-=walls of the passages 31 and -32.--is such that theyform acute angles at the smaller ends of the passages with the respective facing walls or surface of-tha rings.

Surrounding/the casinge28is a' collar 35 'which'may be secured toethe casing 27 by set screwsjs36 rthus permitting an adjust-, ment of the? dollar. length wise. :ofthecasing 27, which inithbu-paitichlar 1 showing of the drawings iisi np 'zan'didownL Fast to the collar 35 isa circular series of pins 37 of a size. to extend through the passages 32 hr concentric spaced relation to the smaller ends of 'these passages and the length of the pins 37 and the adjustment of the collar 35 are such that those ends of'the pins remote from the collar are located about midway ofwthefidistancebetween the spaced smaller Y or contracted ends of the matching passages 31 an'd 32,*this arrangement being for a purpose'whichwillpresently appear.

located the chamber: 11 is cut away for an appropriate part of its circumference to form an opening 38, and. this opening is normally closed by a curved cover or plate 39 having its'curvature conforming to that of the walls 'of the casing l, since this casing is customarily mad 'e cylindrical, and the cover plate" i's'rof'greater width than the tin The portion of the casing l in which-is height of --the op ening 38.-' Moreover, the cover or plate"is'e:terior-to' the walls of the a casing l and its extremities are lodged in guide strips 40 fast to the exterior of the casing 1. i

That edge of the cover 39 which constitutes the lower edge is formed with teeth or serrations 41 so arranged'that when the cover is moved in one direction the teeth will rise beyond the bottom 7, thus opening the chamber-1.1 to the atmosphere to extents dependent upon how much the indentations between the teeth are carried abovethe top surface of the bottom 7. 4

Fast to the exterior of the cover or plate 39 isa bracket 42 and secured to this bracket by' lock nuts 43 is a red 44 having a threaded portion ofsufiicient length to receive other lock nuts-'15. Moreover, the rod 44 is of sufiicient length to extend through another bracket'46 fast to the bottom 7 and.

outstanding therefrom. a

Fast to the casing '1 ate relatively high point thereon is fa cylinder 47 in which is lodged a piston 43 fast to what constitutes the upper end of the rod 44, which latter enters the cylinder 47 through the lower end thereof, and between the cylinder 47 and the lock nuts 45 the rod -14 is surrounded by a spring 49 tending at all times to force the rod downwardly until the lower edge of the cover 39 engages the bracket 46, at which point the'op'enmg 38 is entirely closed to the atmosphere. I i

The interior of the cylinder 47 communicates with the chamber 12 bya. duet 50and this duct is entered where it joins the cylinder 47 by a needle valve 51, the stem 52 of which is extended through the'opposite side of the cylinder-4:7 andvthrough' a packing. "gland 53 thereon and terminates in a inanipulating wheel54, .wher'ebv the free opening of the duct 50 into'the cylinder 47'may be controlled to a nicety.

' may come from a point where-air may taken closely adjacentto the exhaustdu'ct I, of the engine, so as to be. preliminarily v -Air isconveyed from any suitable point to the interior of the chamber 8 by a pipe 55 which traverses the space 10, and this pip:

heated, but a-lthough this is advantageous it is not entnrelynecessary for the operation of the present invention, even incase of the,

use of relatively heavy liquid fuels.

Under some circumstances it is advisable,

especiallyon', starting, to heat thecarbureting chamber which is within the casing 27 and for this purpose there is lodged in the "ring 25 an electric heating element 56 having leads 57 extending to a suitable source of current which in the case ofan automobile may be the bat-te customarily .provided, or in some cases, a magneto or dynamo electric machine.

Let it he assumed that the floatchamber '21. contains an appropriate quantity of fuel coming, through the'pipc 2+ and controlled by the valve 23, and that the valves 18 and 51 are appropriately open and, moreover, that the pins 37 have been properly adjusted.

On the suction stroke of the engine there is created subatmospheric pressure within the chamber 12 as modilied by the position of a controlling valve 53 in the neck 3, whit-b valve may be under the control of the operator of the engine or in the case of an autoumbile. of the vehicle. .-\t each suction stroke suhatmosphcric pressure is established not only within the chamber 12, but within the chan'il'ier inside of the casing 27. and within the chamber inside of the casing 5 so that. air is drawn into the chamber 8 through the pipe and by way of the Venturi tube 31, into the chamber Within the casing 2Tv this resulting in a suction causing an amount of fuel to lo past the alve 18 into the chamber ithin. the casing 27. The indravrn fuel and -.-he air entering the chamber 12 through'the space 34: and

' rich mixture and the additional air become through the tube 30 become quite intimately mixed Within the casing 27, wherefore the chamber Within said casing constitutes what is usually termedthe carbureting chamber. This mixture offuel and air is drawn into the circular series of passages 31, the mouths of whiehare, more or less throttled byjthe adjacent endsof the pins or rods 37. At the same time the air withincthe chamber 8 finds'its way through the passages 32 and through the contracted ends .thereof as throttled by the presence of the pins 87 and engages the rich mixture passing by. way of the spade 3% into the passages 31 where the '80 intimately intermixed, and the streams engaging the sharp edges at the small ends of p the pasages 31 are acted upon after the manner of an atomizer, so that the mixtures of primary and secondary air and liquid fuel issuejrom the flaring ends of the pasvsages.,.;31 in divergent streams with the liquid 'fuel not already absorbed, in the form *ot globulesof practically impalpable size,- thus presenting large surfaces for absorption by the unsaturated air.

Within the chamber 12, which may be termed a mixing chamber, the fuel becomes 'ab sorbedby the air, so that on reaching the neck'3 and the manifold .6,-the mixture is in substantiallyideal condition for action in the cylinders of the engine. The subatmospheric pressure created within the chamber 12 by the suctionof the engine is also-established within the-cylinder 47 man extent permitted b'y-the' throttled passage 50 and this 1 subatmospherid pressine tends to move the piston 48 against the action of the spring 49, such movement be? ing participated in by. the cover 39 constituting an air valve. The suction being' powerful enough the valve 39 is lifted-until the spaces between the teeth 41 open nto the chamber ll-aud a continuation ofthe movement of the valve 39 just described causes a rapid increase in the effective area of the opening between the chamber 11 and the atmosphere. Air is now drawn into the chamber 11 since this latter chzunber being in communication with the chamber 12 b the annular passage 10 has subatmospheric in-rssule established therein, 50' that as soon nri the valve 39 opens. air rushes into the hamber ll and through the relatively large annular passage 10 aboutthe chamber within the casing 8 into the chamber 12 Where additional air becomes 'mixed with the enriched air already within the chamber and dilutes it so that under these circumstances a diluted mixture passes to the manifold (3. 1:.

terior of the casing 27, but this is necessary only on starting and then only under-certain atmospheric conditions.

With a carbureter constructed in accordance'with the present invention heavy fuels may-.be used continuously without the necessity of preheating to cause vaporization.

' 5 The carbureter acts satisfactorily with gasolene, kerosene, distillate and other similar liquid fuels. .It is found that kerosene will thoroughly vaporize and carburet the air without any preliminary heatingto cause vaporization, and this is believed to be due 'to the extreme atomization of the fuel because of the throttled passages 3 controlled by the 37.

What is claimed 'is:

1. A carburetor provided with a carbureting chamber, means for the introduction of fuel thereinto, and a mixing chamber, said carbureting and mixing chambers being separated by a wall with passages therethrough each flaring toward the mixing chamber and out of line with the fuel inlet.

2. A carbureteifprovided with a carbureting. chamber, -means for the introduction of fuel and air thereinto, a mixing cham 5 her, and an airchamber in communication with thecarbureting chamber for supplying air thereto, the air chamber and carburet ing chamber being provided with alined openings for directing carbureted air and 40 other air simultaneously into the mixing chamber.

3. A carbureter having a carbureting chamber, an air chamber in surrounding relation to the carbureting chamber with the 5 latter provided with means at one end for the passage of air from the air chamber v to the carbureting chamber, means for the introduction of fuel into the carbureting chamber, and a mixing chamber, the air 5 chamber and carbureting chamber being provided with matching openings for directing carbureted air and air directly from the air chamber simultaneously into the mixing chamber.

4. A carbureter having a ca-rbureting chamber, an air chamber in surrounding relation to the carburcting chamber with the latter provided with means at one end for the passage of air from the airchamber to 0 the carbureting chamber; means for the introduction of fuel into the carbureting chamber, and a mixing chamber, the air chamber and carbureting chamber being rovided with matching openings for direct mg carhureted air and air directly from the air chamber simultaneously into the mixing chamber, the openings leading into the mixing chamber being flaring. i

I 5. A carbureter having a carburetins chamber, an air chamber in surrounding rs lation to the cairburetingchamber with tlie .latteriprovided .with means at one end for the passage-of air from the air chamber to the ca'rbureting chamber, means for the introduction 0f fuel into the carbureting chamber, and a mixing chamber, the air chamber and carbureting j chamber being provided with .matching openings for directing carbureted air and air directly from the air chamber simultaneously: into the mixing chamber, the openings leading into chamber inclosing the -c'arb'ui e ting chamber and its flangeandarrangedto supply air to the interior of the car uretingkchamber, means for introducing fuel into the carbureting chamber through "the air opening thereof, a cover member for the carbureting and air chambers arranged in spaced relation 'to the flange of'the carbureting chamher and prodded with passages matching those of the flange and expanding in a direction away from'the flange, and a mixing chamber into whichtthe last-named passages lead.

7. In a carbureter, a carbureting chamber having means at one end for the introduction of air and at the other end provided with an outstanding flange having a series of contracting passages therethrough, an air chamber inclosin the carbureting chamber and its" flange an arranged to supply air to the interior oflthe carbureting, chamber, means for introducing fuelinto the carbureting chamber through-the air opening thereof, a covermember for the carburet-ing and air chambers arrangedin spaced relation to the flangeof the carbureting chamber andlprovided with passages matching those of the flange and expanding in a direction awayfrom the flange, and a mixing chamber into which the last-named passages lead, the passages through the flange and cover member being provided with throttling means for directing fuel toward the edge portions of their smallerends 8. In a carbureter, an air chamber profided with a cover member having a circular series of openings near the marginal por tion flaring in a. direction away from the air chamber, a carbureting chamber within the air chamber provided with an outstanding flange reaching to the inner wallsof the air ion chamber and related to the cover member to form an annular space between the flange and cover member in communication with the passages through the cover member, said flange having matching passages contracting, toward the cover member, means for introducing air into the air chamber, means for'introducing fuel and air together into the carbureting chamber, and throttling means for the smaller adjacent ends of the passages through the flange and cover member.

9. In a carbureter, an air chamber provided with a cover member having a circular series of openings nearthe marginal poronflaring in a direction away from the air chamber, a carbureting chamber within the air chamber provided with an outstanding flange reaching to the inner walls of the air chamber and related to the cover membe'rto form an annularspace between the flange and cover member in communication with the passages through the cover memher, said flange having matching passages contracting toward the cover member, means for introducing air into the air chamber,

means for introducing fuel and air together into the carbureting chamber, and throttling means for the smaller adjacent ends of the passages through the flange and cover member, said throttling means consisting of a series of pins each extending through a respective passage in the flange into the space between the flange and cover meinber ahd in substantial alinement withk. the respective passage through the cover member.

' I0. In a carbureter, an air chamber provided with a cover member having a circular series of openings near the marginal portion flaring in a direction away from the z 'r chamber, a carbureting chamber within their chamber provided with an outstanding flange reaching to the inner walls of the air chamber and related to the cover member to form an annular space between the flange and .cover member in communication with the passages through the cover member, said flange""having matching passages'contracting toward the cover member, means for introducing air into the air chainber, means for introducing fuel and air together intcrtl'ie carburetin g chamber, and throttling means for the smaller adjacgnj ehds of the passages-through the flange and cover member,

said throtthn'gineans consisting of a series of pins each extending through a respective passage in the flange into thespace between the flange and coverfienflier and in substantial alinement with the respective passage through the covermember, said series of pinsobeing profideiivifh a support common to all of them and 'saidfsupport having means for holding itfijTistably on the carburetiing chamber.

vseries of tapering passages matching the flaring passages of the cover member, throttling means extending through the passages in the flange and into operative relation to the smaller ends of the passages through the cover of the air chamber, means for the introduction of fuel into the carbureting chamber, the latter having air inlet means communicating with the air chamber about the fuel inlet means, and pressureresponsive devices in communication with the mixing chamber and connected to the air valve of th i casing for opening and closing said va ve.

12. A carbureter-comprising a casing hav- I ing a mixin chamber at oneend and 8. norv mally close valve inlet for air at the other end, an air chamber interior to and aced from the inner walls of the casing an provided with a cover member having a series of passages therethrough flaring toward the mixing chamber, a carbureting chamber within the air chamber'provided with an outstandi'n flange spacin it from the walls of the air chamber, sai flange being in'adjacent spaced relation to the inner sur-- face of the cover member and provided with a series of tapering. passages matching the flaring passages of the cover member, throttling means extending through the passages in the fla e and-into operative relation to the sma ler ends of the passages through the cover of the air chamber, means .for the introduction of fuel into the carbureting chamber, the latter having air inlet means communicating with the air chamber about the fuel inlet means, and pressure re sponsive devices in communication with the mixing chamber and connected tothe air valve of the casing for opening and closing said valve said air pressure responsive devices having means for throttling communication with the mixing chamber to desired extents.

13. A carburet'er havin carbureting and air chambers in fixed re ation one to the other, and a surrounding. casin in spaced relation to, the air chamber, sai casing inclosing a mixing chamber into which the carbureting and air chambers discharge, and with means for the introduction of air into the casing at a point remote ironrthe mixios ing chaniber and constructed to conduct the introduced air between the air chamber and the walls of the casing to j the mixing chamber. p 14;. A carbureter comprising a casing having one end shaped to define a mixing chamber and the other end provided with a controllable air valve, an air chamber intermediate of the casing between the air valve and mixing chamber and inclosed by the casing in spaced relationjto its'inner wall, said air chamberhaving, a thfilinember with marginal flaring 'ithefrethrough leading into theimixi'rig ehiiinber, a carbureting chamber providedfl'vvi tl'r an outstanding flange having tapering passages therethrough correspondingto the passages in the over of the air chamber, sald carbureting chamber being in elevated spaced relation to the bottom of theair chamberwhen the parts are installedand provided with an air duct opening into'the iairiehamber, fuel directing measur ment dum and the airjpassag fiimilfih arbureting chamberfmeans"j bilj dnstrieting the passages throughilthe oi the ,carb ureting chamber and the entering endsf'of the passages throughthe cover ofthe airchamber, means for introducing air into the air chamher from the exterior of the casing and inde endent' of theairvalve of the latter, a cviinder having means of com ,inunica,tion with the mixing. chamherqviththrottling means forthes'a d 'o f communication, a piston ctions be- Coplea of thlii patexx't ijd'olita tween the piston and the air valve of the casing, said connections being provided with a spring tending to maintain the air valve closed.

15. A carbureter provided with an air chamber, a mixing chamber with which the 'air chamber is in communication, a .carbuwith means for the introduction of fuel, a

heater constituting a closure for the other end of the carbureting chamber and located in the path of the fuel, an air chamber sur rounding the carbureting chamber, and a mixing chamber separated from the carbureting chamber by the heater, and said carbureting chamber, air chamber and mixing chamber having means of communication in surrounding relation to the heater.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto ailixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LESTER M. DULL.

\Vitnesses:

Jonx H. Smears, DAVID B. l/VAGNER,

edilhr flvc cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, 

